{"id":664,"date":"2023-05-30T01:27:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T17:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.91tfboys.com\/?p=664"},"modified":"2023-05-31T15:02:58","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T07:02:58","slug":"%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e5%9c%a8%e5%8c%bf%e5%90%8d%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e8%bf%bd%e8%b8%aa%e4%b8%ad%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99%e6%8c%87%e7%ba%b9%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.91tfboys.com\/?p=664","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e2d\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7efc\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6458\u8981 <\/strong>\u81ea\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u533f\u540d\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u4f17\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7535\u5b50\u9009\u4e3e\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u533f\u540d\u6027\u8d77\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u968f\u7740\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u533f\u540d\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u6297\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u533f\u540d\u6027\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u533f\u540d\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6297\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6297\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8bba\u8ff0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
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1. \u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u533f\u540d\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002[1]\u7387\u5148\u4ece\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u6df7\u6dc6\uff08Mix\uff09\u7684\u533f\u540d\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6df7\u5408\u591a\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002A. Pfitzmann\u7b49[2]\u7ed3\u5408\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5ba1\u89c6\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u533f\u540d\u6027\uff08Anonymity\uff09\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4ece2000\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cA. Pfitzmann\u7b49\u7ed3\u5408\u6709\u5173\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9690\u79c1\u4e0e\u533f\u540d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u53ca\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u81f32010\u5e74\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u533f\u540d\u6027\uff08Anonymity\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u94fe\u63a5\u6027\uff08Unlinkability\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u68c0\u6d4b\u6027\uff08Undetectability\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\uff08Unobservability\uff09\u3001\u5047\u540d\u6027\uff08Pseudonymity\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u9274\u522b\u6027\uff08Identifiability\uff09\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Identity Management\uff09\u7b49[3]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u533f\u540d\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u30021999\u5e74\uff0cMichael K. Reiter\u7b49[4]\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u533f\u540d\u6027\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c, \u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u533f\u540d\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a1 \u2013 p\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d p \u662f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u7387\u503c\u3002O. Berthold\u7b49[5]\u548cC. Diaz\u7b49[6]\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u533f\u540d\u6027\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u6807\u51c6\u3002M. Edman\u7b49[7]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u56fe\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u533f\u540d\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9a\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\uff0cM. Bhargava\u7b49[8]\u548cJ. Halpern\u7b49[9]\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u6982\u7387\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5224\u65ad\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u533f\u540d\uff0cM. Backes\u7b49[10]\u4ece\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4f30Tor\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u533f\u540d\u6027\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u533f\u540d\u6027\u5728\u5185\uff0cWang\u7b49[11]\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53cd\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6027\uff08Anti-traceability\uff09\u3001\u6297\u5c01\u9501\u6027\uff08Anti-blockade\uff09\u3001\u6297\u76d1\u542c\u6027\uff08Anti-eavesdropping\uff09\u3001\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff08Robustness\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08Usability\uff09\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u533f\u540d\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u521d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5bf9\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7a83\u542c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f88\u5feb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297\u63aa\u65bd\u3002Mistry[12]\u548cCheng[13]\u7b49\u4eba\u7387\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9URL\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u7528\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522bURL\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u4e8eHTTP\/1.0\uff0c\u968f\u7740HTTP\/1.1\u7684\u63d0\u51fa[14]\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u594f\u6548\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u30022001\u5e74\uff0cRaymond[15]\u5bf9\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b49\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u542c\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4f20\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Bissias\u7b49[16]\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u6839\u636eIP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6b64\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728Open SSH\u4fe1\u9053\u5230\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89c1\u90e8\u7f72\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5171\u8ba1100\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u68c0\u6d4b\u7387\u4e3a20%\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cHintz[17]\u548cSun[18]\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\uff08Website Fingerprinting\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5148\u6784\u9020\u597d\u7684\u201c\u6307\u7eb9\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002Hintz\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u800cSun\u5bf910\u4e07\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fdb\u884c\u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8fbe\u523075%\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u6b63\u786e\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u533f\u540d\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5bfb\u5e38\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982Tor[19]\u3001JAP[20]\u7b49\u591a\u8df3\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Multi-hop communication system\uff09\u3002Tor\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6d0b\u8471\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u8df3\uff08\u4e09\u5c42\u52a0\u5bc6\uff09\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u7684\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9[21]\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u5355\u52a0\u5bc6\u4fe1\u9053\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u672a\u8003\u8651Mix\u6216\u6d0b\u8471\u8def\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6545\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230Tor\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9488\u5bf9Tor\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002Murdoch\u7b49[22]\u3001Abbott\u7b49[23]\u3001Bauer\u7b49[24]\u5bf9Mix\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u6d0b\u8471\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u628a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cLiberatore\u7b49[25]\u91c7\u7528\u4e86Jaccard\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u6734\u7d20\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff08Na\u00efve Bayes Classifier\uff0cNB\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5728 OpenSSH \u4fe1\u9053\u4e2d\u80fd\u4ece\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7279\u5f81\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230\u4e8673%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\uff08[16]\u4e2d\u4ec5\u4e3a20%\uff09\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8ddf\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D. Herrmann \u7b49[26]\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u6734\u7d20\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff08Multinomial Na\u00efve-Bayes Classifier\uff0c MNB \u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u9488\u5bf9Tor\u7b49\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u201c\u59cb\u7956\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8c03\u7814\u8bc6\u522b\u4e86\u5305\u62ec Open SSH\u3001Open VPN\u3001Stunnel\u3001 \u601d\u79d1 IP-Sec VPN \u548c Tor\u3001 JAP \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684 775 \u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e86 Jaccard \u7cfb\u6570\u3001\u6734\u7d20\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u548c MNB \u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Open SSH\u3001 Open VPN \u8fd9\u7c7b\u5355\u8df3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7387\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230 90% \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e Tor \u548c JAP \u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u8df3\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a JAP \u768419.97%\u548c Tor \u76842.96%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaccard\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u5408\u95f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cJaccard\u7cfb\u6570\u5df2\u5728[25]\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5355\u8df3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002NB\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5404\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u5047\u8bbe\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46NB\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5bf9\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u7528\u9ad8\u65af\u6838\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002MNB\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u534a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u5982\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002NB\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u7528\u9ad8\u65af\u6838\u4f30\u8ba1\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u6982\u7387\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800cMNB\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e86TF-IDF\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4f59\u5f26\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5355\u8df3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884cTF\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u4f59\u5f26\u5f52\u4e00\u540e\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u80fd\u8fbe\u523094.94%-97.64%\u4e0d\u7b49\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\uff1b\u5bf9\u591a\u8df3\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Tor\u548cJAP\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u4f59\u5f26\u5f52\u4e00\u540e\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u80fd\u8fbe\u52302.96%\u548c19.97%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A. Panchenko\u7b49[27]\u5728[26]\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\uff0cTor\u8fd9\u7c7b\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e48\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7387\u5148\u5c06\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u7efc\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a\uff08Support Vector Machine\uff0cSVM\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728[26]\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86Tor\u4e3a55%\u3001JAP\u4e3a80%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u6b64\u6210\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\uff08Open-World\uff09\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6574\u4f53TPR\uff08True Positive Rate\uff09\u4e3a73%\u3001FPR\uff08False Positive Rate\uff09\u4e3a0.05%\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df7\u6dc6\u5bf9\u6297\u540e\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7387\u5206\u522b\u4e3aTor\u76843%\u548cJAP\u76844%\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u573a\u666f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6548\u679c\u548c\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8c08\u5175\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SVM\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u3002SVM\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8d85\u5e73\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5f84\u5411\u57fa\u51fd\u6570\uff08Radial Basis Function\uff0cRBF\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684 C <\/em>\u548c \u03b3 <\/em>\u503c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5305\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u603b\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6Sexually Explicit\u3001Alexa Top Ranked\u548cAlexa Random\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u56e0\u8bc6\u522b\u7387\u7684\u589e\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u5173\u4e8eTor\u548cJAP\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df7\u6dc6\u5bf9\u6297\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u586b\u5145\u865a\u62df\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7387\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ea\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u8bc1\u660e\u7c7b\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3a\u4ee5\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u601d\u8def\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T. Wang\u7b49[28]\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e24\u79cd\u3002[26]\u548c[27]\u5206\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6bd4\u8f83\u8ba4\u540c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528 SVM \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6bd4\u8f83\u770b\u91cd\u6307\u6807\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u501f\u9274\u4e86 Cai \u7b49\u5728[29]\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5f26\u5bf9\u9f50\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Optimal String Alignment Distance\uff0cOSAD\uff09\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d41\u91cf\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002OSAD\u6700\u521d\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u901a\u8fc7\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f62\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002DL\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Damerau-Levenshtein distance,DLD\uff09\u548cOSAD\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5bf9\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0cDLD\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5927\u4e8eOSAD\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8ddd\u79bb\u6307\u6807\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u5165\/\u4f20\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u7c7bL\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Fast Levenshtein-like Distance\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0a\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5[29]\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684OSAD\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u7c7bL\u8ddd\u79bb\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u95ed\u73af\u5883\uff08Closed-World\uff09\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684OSAD\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728[29]\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u5747\u6bd4[29]\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u7c7bL\u8ddd\u79bb\u9ad8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5c01\u95ed\u73af\u5883\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u4e3a91%\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u8d85\u8fc790%\uff0c\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u4e3a96.9%\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\uff08Alexa Top 1000\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u4e8e95%\u7684\u53ec\u56de\u7387\uff0cTor\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\uff0cWang\u7b49[30]\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e k<\/em> \u8fd1\u90bb\uff08k<\/em>-Nearest Neighbor\uff0ck<\/em>-NN\uff09\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002k<\/em>-NN\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0ck<\/em>-NN\u6709\u7740\u9002\u5408\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u9996\u5148k<\/em>-NN\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u601d\u8def\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0ck<\/em>-NN\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0ck<\/em>-NN\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u5bf9\u591a\u6a21\u578b\u96c6\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4f20\u5165\/\u4f20\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5305\u603b\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u6807\u8bb0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a0\u3002\u5176\u4e09\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e8f\u5217\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6309\u5e8f\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u4f20\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u603b\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u56db\u662f\u6bcf30\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u975e\u91cd\u53e0\u8de8\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5176\u4e94\u662f\u7a81\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6700\u540e\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u5404\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u524d20\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5173\u6ce8\u7684100\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee4\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86TPR\u4e3a85%\u3001FPR\u4e3a0.6%\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8eTor\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u654c\u624b\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u654c\u624b\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u4e1a\u754c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8ek<\/em>-NN\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cJuarez\u7b49[31]\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5c01\u95ed\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5047\u8bbe\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7684k<\/em>\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u800ck<\/em>\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u5f80\u5f80\u53c8\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u548c\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c[27, 28, 29]\u58f0\u79f0\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7684k\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u505c\u6253\u5f00\u4e0d\u540c\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5361\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728[29]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u56e0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u642d\u5efa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002\u5728\u654c\u624b\u6a21\u578b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u5047\u8bbe\u654c\u624b\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7ad9\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5047\u8bbe\u654c\u624b\u80fd\u4ece\u80cc\u666f\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u603b\u5047\u8bbe\u654c\u624b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u88ab\u76d1\u89c6\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u975e\u53e3\u8bf4\u65e0\u51ed\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528[27, 28, 29]\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9Alexa Top 100\u3001Top 1000\u3001Top 10000\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u9875\u9762\u548c\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5747\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u3002\u5728\u7efc\u5408\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4ee3\u4ef7\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u4ecd\u662f\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016\u5e74\uff0cPanchenko\u7b49[32]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u7b80\u79f0CUMUL\uff09\u3002CUMUL\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5fae\u5999\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u8f68\u8ff9\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u8f68\u8ff9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u793a\u6765\u62bd\u8c61\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u4e3a\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5f81\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u9690\u542b\u5730\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u6216\u7a81\u53d1\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u5fa1\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u548c\u7f51\u9875\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u4f18\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bc4\u4f30\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u9886\u57df\u8f83\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u7531\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u9875\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9875\u9762\u5728\u5185\u768430\u4e07\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5f80\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u500d\u4e4b\u5927\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u8003\u8651\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8eAlexa\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001BT\u79cd\u5b50\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u535a\u5ba2\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u7cfb\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\u7b49\u3002CUMUL\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f20\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5e76\u51cf\u53bb\u4f20\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7d2f\u79ef\u548c\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u603b\u7684\u4f20\u5165\u548c\u4f20\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u548c\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aSVM\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7528104\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u670990%-93%\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2018\u5e74\uff0cRimmer\u7b49[33]\u7ed3\u5408\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e8e\u7279\u5f81\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u90fd\u53ea\u5728\u5c01\u95ed\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u91c7\u7528\u5806\u6808\u53bb\u566a\u81ea\u7f16\u7801\u5668\uff08Stacked Denoising Autoencoder\uff0cSDAE\uff09\u3001\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Convolutional Neural Network\uff0cCNN\uff09\u548c\u957f\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08Long-Short Term Memory\uff0cLSTM\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u539f\u59cb\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u6784\u5efa\u6307\u7eb9\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u7f16\u7801\u5668\uff08Autoencoder\uff0cAE\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u7ef4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u5f81\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5c06\u591a\u4e2aAE\u5806\u79ef\u5f62\u6210\u6df1\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u663e\u7740\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5c42\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6d3e\u751f\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97SDAE\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u3002CNN\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5377\u79ef\u5c42\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5377\u79ef\u5c42\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7279\u5f81\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u7ea7\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u5377\u79ef\u5c42\u5b66\u4e60\u591a\u79cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7279\u5b9a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u7279\u6b8a\u533a\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0cCNN\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u7d22\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002SDAE\u9700\u8981\u9010\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u800cCNN\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3002LSTM\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Recurrent Neural Network\uff0cRNN\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u589e\u5f3a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\u3002LSTM\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5141\u8bb8\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8f68\u8ff9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662fTor\u5355\u5143\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7Tor\u548cTor\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6536\u96c6\u4e86360\u4e07\u4e2a\u5bf9Alexa Top 1200\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e864\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6CW100\u3001CW200\u3001CW500\u548cCW900\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7b5b\u9009\u540e\u7684100\u4e2a\u3001200\u4e2a\u3001500\u4e2a\u548c900\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u54042500\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c01\u95ed\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9Alexa Top 400, 000\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u6536\u96c6400, 000\u6761\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bf9CW200\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e862000\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u6536\u96c6400, 000\u6761\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9800, 000\u6761\u6570\u636e\u6784\u6210\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u8fbe\u523094%-96%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u533f\u540d\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ece[26]\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6307\u7eb9\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4fbf\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u5404\u7c7b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5411\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u7684Tor\u7b49\u533f\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Tor\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u533f\u540d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9488\u5bf9\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u4e5f\u7ec8\u5c06\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8eTor\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002\u653b\u9632\u662f\u573a\u957f\u671f\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u6218\uff0c\u6b64\u8d77\u5f7c\u4f0f\uff0c\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\u3002\u800c\u5728\u653b\u9632\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u534e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
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  33. Rimmer, Vera, et al.: Automated Website Fingerprinting through Deep Learning. In: Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, (2018).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

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